Is there a way for me to retrieve the data from my nonresponsive 2017 Macbook Pro's SSD, which is soldered to the logic board, if the repairer can't repair it and has offered me a replacement device? Can I use Time Machine to transfer the data to the replacement device? And if so, how would I go about doing that?
Since your SSD is soldered on the logic motherboard, there is no DIY way to remove it and perform the data retrieval or recovery work. The only way you can try is to take your dead MacBook Pro to your nearest retail AppleStore, Genius Bar, or Apple Authorized Service Provider and request data salvage from the soldered-on logic board SSD. They would have a utility for recovering data from a dead Mac.
Good luck~
AppleAPFSMedia wird im Festplattendienstprogramm als nicht initialisiert angezeigt? Anleitung zur Wiederherstellung verlorener Daten von nicht initialisierten AppleAPFSMedia mit APFS-Datenrettungssoft
This post tells the step-by-step way to use TestDisk to recover partitions on a Mac. Also, introduces the best alternative if TestDisk is not working.
